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(詳細はYemeni Civil War. Saudi Arabia, spearheading a coalition of nine Arab states, began carrying out airstrikes in neighbouring Yemen and imposing an aerial and naval blockade on 26 March, heralding a military intervention codenamed Operation ''Decisive Storm'' ((アラビア語:عملية عاصفة الحزم) ''`Amaliyyat `Āṣifat al-Ḥazm''). The intervention began in response to requests for assistance from the internationally recognized but domestically contested Yemeni government of President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi. The request was due to a Houthi tribal offensive aimed at its provisional capital of Aden. President Hadi fled Aden, left the country and went to Saudi Arabia as the coalition launched airstrikes against the Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who was deposed in the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings. Fighter jets from Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Sudan, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain also took part in the operation. Somalia made its airspace, territorial waters and military bases available to the coalition.〔 The United States provided intelligence and logistical support, including search-and-rescue for downed coalition pilots.〔 It also accelerated the sale of weapons to coalition states. Pakistan was called on by Saudi Arabia to join the coalition, but its parliament voted to maintain neutrality. Described as a "humanitarian disaster" and a "catastrophe", the blockade left 78% (20 million) of the Yemeni population in urgent need of food, water and medical aid. Aid ships are allowed, but the bulk of commercial shipping, on which the country relies, is blocked. In one occasion, coalition jets prevented an Iranian Red Crescent plane from landing by bombing Sana'a International Airport's (SIA) runway, which blocked aid delivery via air.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aid flights to Yemen blocked after Saudi Arabian jets bomb airport runway )〕 As of 28 April, 300,000 people had been displaced by the fighting. Many countries, such as China, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia and India evacuated or planned to evacuate foreign citizens. Many groups fled Yemen for Somalia and Djibouti. On 21 April, Saudi Arabia announced an end to Operation ''Decisive Storm'', saying the intervention's focus would "shift from military operations to the political process".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=With military objectives achieved, focus shifts to the political process )〕 The kingdom and its coalition partners said they would be launching political and peace efforts, which they called Operation ''Restoring Hope'' ((アラビア語:عملية إعادة الأمل) ''`Amaliyyat 'I`ādat al-'Amal''). However, the coalition did not rule out using force, saying it would respond to threats and prevent Houthi militants from operating within Yemen.〔 Airstrikes and shelling continued under ''Restoring Hope'', including air attacks destroying the main runway at SIA and several buildings in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Sana'a Old City. == Background == Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi, running unopposed for president, won the 2012 Yemeni elections. The Houthis (or Ansar Allah), a Zaidi Shia movement and militant group thought to be backed by Iran, took control of the Yemeni government through a series of actions in 2014 and 2015. Saudi Arabia and other countries denounced this as an unconstitutional coup d'état. In military operations on the ground, the Houthis were supported by sections of the Yemeni armed forces loyal to former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, who was removed from power as part of the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Yemen leak: Collusion between Houthis and ex-president Saleh )〕 Houthi leaders claimed〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Yemen's Saleh proves to be a survivor )〕 that Saudi Arabia was trying to break the alliance between the Houthis and Saleh’s supporters; reports〔 claimed that Saleh’s son Ahmed Ali Saleh had traveled to the Saudi capital to attempt to broker a deal to end the airstrikes. Saudi media claim that Saleh or his son had approached Riyadh seeking such a deal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Saleh offered Saudi Arabia anti-Houthi coup for immunity )〕 By September 2014, Houthi fighters captured Sana'a, toppling Hadi's government. Soon after, a peace deal (known as the Peace and Partnership Agreement) was concluded between the Hadi government and the Houthis, but was not honored by either party. The deal was drafted with the intent of defining a power-sharing government. A conflict over a draft constitution resulted in the Houthis consolidating control over the Yemeni capital in January 2015. After resigning from his post alongside his prime minister and remaining under virtual house arrest for one month, Hadi fled to Aden in southern Yemen in February. Upon arriving in Aden, Hadi withdrew his resignation, saying that the actions of the Houthis from September 2014 had amounted to a "coup" against him. By 25 March, forces answering to Sana'a were rapidly closing in on Aden, which Hadi had declared to be Yemen's temporary capital. During the Houthis' southern offensive, Saudi Arabia began a military buildup on its border with Yemen. In response, a Houthi commander boasted that his troops would counterattack against any Saudi aggression and would not stop until they had taken Riyadh, the Saudi capital. On 25 March, Hadi called on the UN Security Council to authorise “willing countries that wish to help Yemen to provide immediate support for the legitimate authority by all means and measures to protect Yemen and deter the Houthi aggression.” Yemen's foreign minister, Riad Yassin, requested military assistance from the Arab League on 25 March, amid reports that Hadi had fled his provisional capital.〔 (Phiến quân Shiite tấn công, tổng thống Yemen bỏ chạy ). 25 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015〕 On 26 March, Saudi state TV station Al-Ekhbariya TV reported that Hadi arrived at a Riyadh airbase and was met by Saudi Defense Minister Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud. His route from Aden to Riyadh was not immediately known. At a summit of the Arab League held in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, on 28–29 March, President Hadi again repeated his calls for international intervention in the fighting. A number of League members pledged their support to Hadi's government during that meeting. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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